Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors and their Role in Neurological Diseases

نویسنده

  • A SHahraki Assistant professor of pharmacology, Department of Biology, Sistan and Baluchestan University, Zahedan, Iran
چکیده مقاله:

Glutamate is extensively and relatively uniformly distributed in the central nervous system (CNS) and its effects mediated by two distinct groups of receptors including Ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Concentration of glutamate in the nervous system is much higher than in other tissues. Glutamate receptors play an important role in synaptic transmission, neural plasticity and neural development. Although glutamate has various neural physiological effects, it is a strong neurotoxin and high concentration of glutamate in synaptic milieu and extra cellular space plays a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases like ischemia, acute neural trauma and many other CNS disorders. Selective ligands for glutamate receptors have made considerable advances in the identification of the physiological and pathological roles of these receptors in the nervous system. Furthermore, advances in animal models of neurodegenerative disorders have lead to the application of many glutamatergic compounds in clinical studies. These compounds consist of ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists that examined in clinical tests for disorders including epilepsy, ischemic stroke, etc. The purpose of this review is to describe ionotropic glutamate receptors and their possible roles in excitotoxicity and nervous system disorders. Then we will discuss briefly about transporters for glutamate and their association in the pathology of CNS disorders. Finally, involvement of ionotropic glutamate receptors in neurological disorders including schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy will be explained.

برای دانلود باید عضویت طلایی داشته باشید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Metabotropic glutamate receptors and their ligands applications in neurological and psychiatric disorders

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) consist of a large family of G-protein coupled receptors that are critical for regulating normal neuronal function in the central nervous system. The wide distribution and diverse physiological roles of various mGluR subtypes make them highly attractive targets for the treatment of a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders. The discovery of ...

متن کامل

P24: The Role of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in the Induction of LTP

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a reflection of synaptic plasticity that has an important role in learning and memory. LTP is a long-lasting increase of synaptic activity due to enhancement of excitatory synaptic transmission after a high-frequency train of electrical stimulation. The role of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors in excitatory synaptic tran...

متن کامل

Ligands for ionotropic glutamate receptors.

Marine-derived small molecules and peptides have played a central role in elaborating pharmacological specificities and neuronal functions of mammalian ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), the primary mediators of excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS). As well, the pathological sequelae elicited by one class of compounds (the kainoids) constitute a widely-used...

متن کامل

Auxiliary Subunits Regulation of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors by Their

Physiological Society. ESSN: 1548-9221. Visit our website at http://www.the-aps.org/. American Physiological Society, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD 20814-3991. Copyright © 2010 the American the physiological developments. It is published bimonthly in February, April, June, August, October, and December by (formerly published as News in Physiological Science) publishes brief review articles o...

متن کامل

Ionotropic glutamate receptors: genetics, behavior and electrophysiology.

Most rapid excitatory synaptic signaling is mediated by glutamatergic neurotransmission. An important challenge in neurobiology is to understand the molecular architecture of functional glutamatergic synapses. By combining the techniques of genetics, molecular biology and electrophysiology in C. elegans we have the potential to identify and characterize the molecules that contribute to the func...

متن کامل

منابع من

با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

ذخیره در منابع من قبلا به منابع من ذحیره شده

{@ msg_add @}


عنوان ژورنال

دوره 17  شماره 4

صفحات  361- 378

تاریخ انتشار 2010-09-01

با دنبال کردن یک ژورنال هنگامی که شماره جدید این ژورنال منتشر می شود به شما از طریق ایمیل اطلاع داده می شود.

میزبانی شده توسط پلتفرم ابری doprax.com

copyright © 2015-2023